Category: vocabulary

“ritual washing,” late 14c., from Latin ablutionem (nominative ablutio) “a washing, cleansing,” noun of action from past-participle stem of abluere “to wash off, wash away, cleanse by washing,” from ab “off, away from” (see ab-) + luere “to wash,” from PIE root *leue- “to wash.”

the reverting of land to a king or lord in certain cases, early 14c., from Anglo-French eschete (late 13c.), Old French eschete “succession, inheritance,” literally “that which falls to one,” noun use of fem. past participle of escheoir “happen, befall, occur, take place; fall due; lapse (legally),” from Late Latin *excadere “to fall out,” from Latin ex “out, away” (see ex-) + cadere “to fall” (from PIE root *kad- “to fall”). As a verb, from late 14c. Related: Escheated; escheating. Late Latin *excadere represents a restored form of excidere, which yielded excise.

1540s, probably from abstract noun suffix -cy + Latin proficientem (nominative proficiens), present participle of proficere “accomplish, make progress; be useful, do good; have success, profit,” from pro “forward” (see pro-) + combining form of facere “to make, do” (from PIE root *dhe- “to set, put”).

“the character of being ill-disposed toward another or others; ill-will, malice, personal hatred,” mid-15c., from Old French malevolence and directly from Latin malevolentia “ill-will, dislike, hatred,” from malevolentem (nominative malevolens) “ill-disposed, wishing ill, spiteful, envious,” from male “badly” (see mal-) + volentem (nominative volens), present participle of velle “to wish” (see will (v.)) 

early 15c., “spiritual calling,” from Old French vocacion “call, consecration; calling, profession” (13c.) or directly from Latin vocationem (nominative vocatio), literally “a calling, a being called” from vocatus “called,” past participle of vocare “to call” (from PIE root *wekw- “to speak”). Sense of “one’s occupation or profession” is first attested 1550s.

c. 1200, “that which is vain, futile, or worthless,” from Old French vanite “self-conceit; futility; lack of resolve” (12c.), from Latin vanitatem (nominative vanitas) “emptiness, aimlessness; falsity,” figuratively “vainglory, foolish pride,” from vanus “empty, void,” figuratively “idle, fruitless,” from PIE *wano-, suffixed form of root *eue- “to leave, abandon, give out.” Meaning “self-conceited” in English is attested from mid-14c. Vanity table is attested from 1936. Vanity Fair is from “Pilgrim’s Progress” (1678).

mid-14c., nobilite, “honor, renown; majesty, grandeur;” late 14c., “quality of being excellent or rare,” from Old French nobilite “high rank; dignity, grace; great deed” (12c., Modern French nobilité), and directly from Latin nobilitatem (nominative nobilitas) “celebrity, fame; high birth; excellence, superiority; the nobles,” from nobilis “well-known, prominent” (see noble (adj.)).

Meaning “quality of being of noble rank or birth; social or political preeminence, usually accompanied by hereditary privilege” is attested from late 14c.; sense of “the noble class collectively” is from late 14c. Sense of “dignity of mind, elevation of the soul, loftiness of tone” is from 1590s.

1620s, from Latin emittere “send forth,” from assimilated form of ex “out” (see ex-) + mittere “to send” (see mission). Related: Emitted; emitting.

1620s, from French émissaire (17c.) or directly from Latin emissarius “a scout, a spy,” literally “that is sent out,” from emissus, past participle of emittere “send forth” (see emit).

late 15c., from Middle French ecclésiastique and directly from Late Latin ecclesiasticus, from Greek ekklesiastikos “of the (ancient Athenian) assembly,” in late Greek, “of the church,” from ekklesiastes “speaker in an assembly or church, preacher,” from ekkalein “to call out,” from ek “out” (see ex-) + kalein “to call” (from PIE root *kele- (2) “to shout”). As a noun, “one holding an office in the Christian ministry,” 1650s; it also was used as a noun in Late Latin.