1875, originally a legal term for “authorization to a debtor to postpone due payment,” from neuter of Late Latin moratorius “tending to delay,” from Latin morari “to delay,” from mora “pause, delay,” from PIE *morh- “to hinder, delay” (source also of Sanskrit amurchat “to congeal, become solid;” Old Irish maraid “lasts, remains”). The word didn’t come out of italics until 1914. General sense of “a postponement, deliberate temporary suspension” is recorded by 1932. Related: Moratorial.
Category: Uncategorized
status quo ante
the state of affairs that existed previously
res
Res is latin for “thing” or “matter.” In the common law, it can refer to an object, interest, or status, as opposed to a person. See, for example, res ipsa loquitur, res judicata, or res jurisdiction.
Commercial crimes.
https://www.ecfr.gov/on/2017-01-03/title-27/chapter-I/subchapter-F/part-72/subpart-B/section-72.11
Any of the following types of crimes (Federal or State): Offenses against the revenue laws; burglary; counterfeiting; forgery; kidnapping; larceny; robbery; illegal sale or possession of deadly weapons; prostitution (including soliciting, procuring, pandering, white slaving, keeping house of ill fame, and like offenses); extortion; swindling and confidence games; and attempting to commit, conspiring to commit, or compounding any of the foregoing crimes. Addiction to narcotic drugs and use of marihuana will be treated as if such were commercial crime.
Salomon Brothers
Salomon Brothers, Inc., was an American multinational bulge bracketinvestment bank headquartered in New York. It was one of the five largest investment banking enterprises in the United States[2] and the most profitable firm on Wall Street during the 1980s and 1990s. Its CEO and chairman at that time, John Gutfreund, was nicknamed “the King of Wall Street”.[3][4][5][6]
Ibid
Ibid. is an abbreviation for the Latin word ibīdem, meaning “in the same place”, commonly used in an endnote, footnote, bibliographycitation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note or list item. This is similar to Idem, literally meaning “the same”, abbreviated id., which is commonly used in legal citation.[1]
Metes and bounds
Metes and bounds is a system or method of describing land, real property (in contrast to personal property) or real estate.[1] The system has been used in England for many centuries and is still used there in the definition of general boundaries. The system is also used in the Canadian province of Ontario,[2] and throughout Canada for the description of electoral districts. By custom, it was applied in the original Thirteen Colonies that became the United States and in many other land jurisdictions based on English common law, including Zimbabwe, South Africa, India and Bangladesh.[3] While still in hand-me-down use, this system has been largely overtaken in the past few centuries by newer systems such as rectangular (government survey) and lot and block (recorded plat).
Typically the system uses physical features of the local geography, along with directions and distances, to define and describe the boundaries of a parcel of land. The boundaries are described in a running prose style, working around the parcel in sequence, from a point of beginning, returning to the same point; compare with the oral ritual of beating the bounds. It may include references to other adjoining parcels (and their owners), and it, in turn, could also be referred to in later surveys. At the time the description is compiled, it may have been marked on the ground with permanent monuments placed where there were no suitable natural monuments.
- Metes refers to a boundary defined by the measurement of each straight run, specified by a distance between the terminal points, and an orientation or direction. A direction may be a simple compass bearing or a precise orientation determined by accurate survey methods.
- Bounds (Abuttals and boundaries) refer to a more general boundary description, such as along a certain watercourse, a stone wall, an adjoining public road way, or an existing building. The system is often used to define larger pieces of property (e.g. farms) and political subdivisions (e.g. town boundaries) where precise definition is not required or would be far too expensive, or previously designated boundaries can be incorporated into the description.
§ 8-202. ISSUER’s RESPONSIBILITY AND DEFENSES; NOTICE OF DEFECT OR DEFENSE.
(a) Even against a purchaser for value and without notice, the terms of a certificated security include terms stated on the certificate and terms made part of the security by reference on the certificate to another instrument, indenture, or document or to a constitution, statute, ordinance, rule, regulation, order, or the like, to the extent the terms referred to do not conflict with terms stated on the certificate. A reference under this subsection does not of itself charge a purchaser for value with notice of a defect going to the validity of the security, even if the certificate expressly states that a person accepting it admits notice. The terms of an uncertificated security include those stated in any instrument, indenture, or document or in a constitution, statute, ordinance, rule, regulation, order, or the like, pursuant to which the security is issued.
(b) The following rules apply if an issuer asserts that a security is not valid:
(1) A security other than one issued by a government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, even though issued with a defect going to its validity, is valid in the hands of a purchaser for value and without notice of the particular defect unless the defect involves a violation of a constitutional provision. In that case, the security is valid in the hands of a purchaser for value and without notice of the defect, other than one who takes by original issue.
(2) Paragraph (1) applies to an issuer that is a government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality only if there has been substantial compliance with the legal requirements governing the issue or the issuer has received a substantial consideration for the issue as a whole or for the particular security and a stated purpose of the issue is one for which the issuer has power to borrow money or issue the security.
(c) Except as otherwise provided in Section 8-205, lack of genuineness of a certificated security is a complete defense, even against a purchaser for value and without notice.
(d) All other defenses of the issuer of a security, including nondelivery and conditional delivery of a certificated security, are ineffective against a purchaser for value who has taken the certificated security without notice of the particular defense.
(e) This section does not affect the right of a party to cancel a contract for a security “when, as and if issued” or “when distributed” in the event of a material change in the character of the security that is the subject of the contract or in the plan or arrangement pursuant to which the security is to be issued or distributed.
(f) If a security is held by a securities intermediary against whom an entitlement holder has a security entitlement with respect to the security, the issuer may not assert any defense that the issuer could not assert if the entitlement holder held the security directly.
Lex domicilii
The lex domicilii or lex loci domicilii[1] is the Latin term for “law of the domicile” in the conflict of laws. Conflict is the branch of public law regulating all lawsuits involving a “foreign” law element where a difference in result will occur depending on which laws are applied.
When a case comes before a court, if the main features of the case are local, the court will then apply the lex fori, the prevailing municipal law, to decide the case. However, if there are “foreign” elements to the case, the court may then be obliged, under conflict of laws, to consider whether it has jurisdiction to hear the case (see forum shopping).
The court must then characterise the issues to allocate the factual basis of the case to its relevant legal classes. Rules on the choice of law decide the lex causae, the law to be applied to each class.
Lingua franca
A lingua franca (/ˌlɪŋɡwə ˈfræŋkə/ (listen); lit. ’Frankish tongue’; for plurals see § Usage notes),[1] also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language or dialect systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers’ native languages.[2]
Lingua francas have developed around the world throughout human history, sometimes for commercial reasons (so-called “trade languages” facilitated trade), but also for cultural, religious, diplomatic and administrative convenience, and as a means of exchanging information between scientists and other scholars of different nationalities.[3][4] The term is taken from the medieval Mediterranean Lingua Franca, an Italian-based pidgin language used especially by traders in the Mediterranean Basin from the 11th to the 19th centuries.[5] A world language – a language spoken internationally and by many people – is a language that may function as a global lingua franca.