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“warning, hint of caution,” 1550s, Latin, literally “let him beware,” 3rd person singular present subjunctive of cavere “to beware, take heed, watch, guard against,” from PIE root *keu- “to see, observe, perceive.” Legal sense “public warning preventing some action” is from 1650s.

“to offer formally,” 1540s, from Middle French tendre “to offer, hold forth” (11c.), from Latin tendere “to stretch, extend,” from PIE root *ten- “to stretch.” The retention of the ending of the French infinitive is unusual (see render (v.) for another example)

“soft, easily injured,” early 13c., from Old French tendre “soft, delicate; young” (11c.), from Latin tenerem (nominative tener) “soft, delicate; of tender age, youthful,” from a derivative of PIE root *ten- “to stretch,” on the notion of “stretched,” hence “thin,” hence “weak” or “young.” Compare Sanskrit tarunah “young, tender,” Greek teren “tender, delicate,” Armenian t’arm “young, fresh, green.”

Meaning “kind, affectionate, loving” first recorded early 14c. Meaning “having the delicacy of youth, immature” is attested in English from early 14c. Related: Tenderly; tenderness. Tender-hearted first recorded 1530s.

c. 1200, “a member of the nobility,” also a low rank in the peerage, from Old French baron (nominative ber) “baron, nobleman, military leader, warrior, virtuous man, lord, husband,” probably from or related to Late Latin baro “man” (source of Spanish varon, Italian barone), which is of uncertain origin. It is perhaps from Celtic or from Frankish *baro “freeman, man” or another Germanic source. In England the word merged with (probably) cognate Old English beorn “nobleman.”

“non-cleric,” early 15c., from lay (adj.) + man (n.). Similar formation in Old Frisian lekman, Danish lægmand. Meaning “outsider, unprofessional person, non-expert” (especially in regards to law or medicine) is from late 15c. Related: Laymen.

c. 1300, “position of a prince,” from Old French principalite “principal matter; power, sovereignty” (12c., Modern French principauté), from Late Latin principalitatem (nominative principalitas), from principalis (see principal (adj.)). Meaning “region or state ruled by a prince” is attested from c. 1400.

c. 1300, “a coming for the purpose of attack,” from Old French venue “coming” (12c.), from fem. past participle of venir “to come,” from Latin venire “to come,” from PIE root *gwa- “to go, come.” The sense of “place where a case in law is tried” is first recorded 1530s. Extended to locality in general, especially “site of a concert or sporting event” (1857). Change of venue is from Blackstone (1768).

1680s, “pledge (something) without giving up control of it; pawn; mortgage,” from hypothecat-, past participle stem of Medieval Latin hypothecare, from Late Latin hypotheca “a pledge,” from Greek hypotheke “a deposit, pledge, mortgage,” from hypo- “beneath, under” (see hypo-) + tithenai “to put, to place,” from reduplicated form of PIE root *dhe- “to set, put.” Related: Hypothecated; hypothecating; hypothecation; hypothecary.