mid-14c., “a consideration; a judgment,” from Old French regard, from regarder “take notice of,” from re-, intensive prefix + garder “look, heed,” from Germanic (see guard (n.)). Meanings “a look, appearance; respect, esteem, favor, kindly feeling which springs from a consideration of estimable qualities” all recorded late 14c. Phrase in regard to is from mid-15c. (Chaucer uses at regard of).
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Dedimus potestatem
In law, dedimus potestatem (Latin for “we have given the power”) is a writ whereby commission is given to one or more private persons for the expedition of some act normally performed by a judge. It is also called delegatio. It is granted most commonly upon the suggestion that a party, who is to do something before a judge or in a court, is too weak to travel.
Its use is various, such as to take a personal answer to a bill in chancery, to examine witnesses, levy a fine, etc.
cancel (v.)
late 14c., “cross out with lines, draw lines across (something written) so as to deface,” from Anglo-French and Old French canceler, from Latin cancellare “to make like a lattice,” which in Late Latin took on especially a sense “cross out something written” by marking it with crossed lines, from cancelli, plural of *cancellus (n.) “lattice, grating,” diminutive of cancer “crossed bars, a lattice,” a variant of carcer “prison” (see incarceration).
Figurative use, “to nullify (an obligation, etc.)” is from mid-15c. Related: Canceled (also cancelled); cancelling.
esquire (n.)
late 14c., from Middle French esquier “squire,” literally “shield-bearer” (for a knight), from Old French escuier “shield-bearer (attendant young man in training to be a knight), groom” (Modern French écuyer), from Medieval Latin scutarius “shield-bearer, guardsman” (in classical Latin, “shield-maker”), from scutum “shield” (see escutcheon). For initial e-, see e-. Compare squire (n.). Originally the feudal rank below knight, sense broadened 16c. to a general title of courtesy or respect for the educated and professional class, especially, later, in U.S., regarded as belonging especially to lawyers.
In our own dear title-bearing, democratic land, the title of esquire, officially and by courtesy, has come to include pretty much everybody. Of course everybody in office is an esquire, and all who have been in office enjoy and glory in the title. And what with a standing army of legislators, an elective and ever-changing magistracy, and almost a whole population of militia officers, present and past, all named as esquires in their commissions, the title is nearly universal. [N.Y. “Commercial Advertiser” newspaper, quoted in Bartlett, 1859]
District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871
The District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871 is an Act of Congress that repealed the individual charters of the cities of Washington and Georgetown and established a new territorial government for the whole District of Columbia. Though Congress repealed the territorial government in 1874, the legislation was the first to create a single municipal government for the federal district.[1]
History[edit]
Evolution of the District’s internal boundaries
The passage of the Residence Act in 1790 created a new federal district that would become the capital of the United States. Formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the capital territory already included two large settlements at its creation: the port of Georgetown, Maryland and the town of Alexandria, Virginia. A new capital city named in honor of President George Washington was founded to the east of Georgetown in 1791.
Shortly after establishing operations in the new capital, Congress passed the Organic Act of 1801, which organized the federal territory. The territory within the federal district east of the Potomac formed the new County of Washington, which was governed by a levy court consisting of seven to eleven Justices of the Peace appointed by the President, and was governed by Maryland law as of 1801. The area west of the river became Alexandria County which was governed by Virginia law. In addition, Congress allowed the cities of Washington, Alexandria and Georgetown to each maintain their own municipal governments. In 1846 Alexandria County was returned by Congress to the state of Virginia.
The outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 led to notable growth in the capital’s population due to the expansion of the federal government and a large influx of emancipated slaves.[2] By 1870, the District’s population had grown 75% to nearly 132,000 residents.[3] Growth was even more dramatic within the County of Washington, where the population more than doubled as people escaped the crowded city.[4]
The individual local governments within the District were insufficient to handle the population growth. Living conditions were poor throughout the capital, which still had dirt roads and lacked basic sanitation. The situation was so bad that some lawmakers in Congress even suggested moving the capital out further west, but President Ulysses S. Grant refused to consider the proposals.[5]
Effect[edit]
Instead, Congress passed the Organic Act of 1871, which revoked the individual charters of the cities of Washington and Georgetown and combined them with Washington County to create a unified territorial government for the entire District of Columbia.[6] The new government consisted of an appointed governor and 11-member council, a locally elected 22-member assembly, and a board of public works charged with modernizing the city.[7] The Seal of the District of Columbia features the date 1871, recognizing the year the District’s government was incorporated.[8]
The Act did not establish a new city or city government within the District. Regarding a city of Washington, it stated that “that portion of said District included within the present limits of the city of Washington shall continue to be known as the city of Washington”. In the present day, the name “Washington” is commonly used to refer to the entire District, but DC law continues to use the definition of the city of Washington as given in the Organic Act.[9]
In 1873, President Grant appointed an influential member of the board of public works, Alexander Robey Shepherd, to the post of governor. Shepherd authorized large-scale municipal projects, which greatly modernized Washington. In doing so however, the governor spent three times the money that had been budgeted for capital improvements, bankrupting the city.[10] In 1874, Congress replaced the District’s quasi-elected territorial government with an appointed three-member Board of Commissioners. Direct rule by Congress continued until the passage of the District of Columbia Home Rule Act in 1973.[11]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Organic_Act_of_1871
https://freedom-school.com/evidence/usa-inc-corp-registration.pdf
How to File a UCC Financing Statement
Native American State Names
http://lewisandclarktrail.com/statefacts.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_and_union_territory_name_etymologies
http://www.native-languages.org/state-names.htm
H.R. 4870 (113th): Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2015
The summary below was written by the Congressional Research Service, which is a nonpartisan division of the Library of Congress.
7/17/2014–Reported to Senate amended. Highlights:
The Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2015 provides regular annual appropriations for the military functions of the Department of Defense (DOD), including the pay, allowances, and support of military personnel; operation and maintenance of the forces; procurement of equipment and systems; and research, development, test and evaluation.
The bill also includes funding for overseas contingency operations (OCO) to support the Global War on Terrorism.
The bill increases funding above FY2014 levels for operation and maintenance.
The bill decreases funding below FY2014 levels for military personnel; procurement; research, development, test and evaluation; revolving and management funds; and overseas contingency operations.
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4870/summary
18 U.S. Code § 1091.Genocide
(a)Basic Offense.—Whoever, whether in time of peace or in time of war and with the specific intent to destroy, in whole or in substantial part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group as such—(1)kills members of that group;(2)causes serious bodily injury to members of that group;(3)causes the permanent impairment of the mental faculties of members of the group through drugs, torture, or similar techniques;(4)subjects the group to conditions of life that are intended to cause the physical destruction of the group in whole or in part;(5)imposes measures intended to prevent births within the group; or(6)transfers by force children of the group to another group;shall be punished as provided in subsection (b).(b)Punishment for Basic Offense.—The punishment for an offense under subsection (a) is—(1)in the case of an offense under subsection (a)(1), where death results, by death or imprisonment for life and a fine of not more than $1,000,000, or both; and(2)a fine of not more than $1,000,000 or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both, in any other case.(c)Incitement Offense.—Whoever directly and publicly incites another to violate subsection (a) shall be fined not more than $500,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.(d)Attempt and Conspiracy.—Any person who attempts or conspires to commit an offense under this section shall be punished in the same manner as a person who completes the offense.(e)Jurisdiction.—There is jurisdiction over the offenses described in subsections (a), (c), and (d) if—(1)the offense is committed in whole or in part within the United States; or(2)regardless of where the offense is committed, the alleged offender is—(A)a national of the United States (as that term is defined in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101));(B)an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States (as that term is defined in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101));(C)a stateless person whose habitual residence is in the United States; or(D)present in the United States.(f)Nonapplicability of Certain Limitations.—Notwithstanding section 3282, in the case of an offense under this section, an indictment may be found, or information instituted, at any time without limitation.(Added Pub. L. 100–606, § 2(a), Nov. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 3045; amended Pub. L. 103–322, title VI, § 60003(a)(13), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1970; Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title IV, § 4002(a)(4), (b)(7), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1806, 1808; Pub. L. 110–151, § 2, Dec. 21, 2007, 121 Stat. 1821; Pub. L. 111–122, § 3(a), Dec. 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 3481.)
misleading (adj.)
“tending to lead astray, deceptive,” 1630s, present-participle adjective from mislead. Related: Misleadingly.