early 15c., “learned, well-instructed,” from Latin eruditus “learned, accomplished, well-informed,” past participle of erudire “to educate, teach, instruct, polish,” literally “to bring out of the rough,” from assimilated form of ex “out” (see ex-) + rudis “unskilled, rough, unlearned” (see rude). Related: Eruditely.

1894, from French sémantique, applied by Michel Bréal (1883) to the psychology of language, from Greek semantikos “significant,” from semainein “to show by sign, signify, point out, indicate by a sign,” from sema “sign, mark, token; omen, portent; constellation; grave” (Doric sama), from PIE root *dheie- “to see, look” (source also of Sanskrit dhyati “he meditates;” see zen).

mid-13c., “image of a deity as an object of (pagan) worship,” from Old French idole “idol, graven image, pagan god” (11c.), from Latin idolum “image (mental or physical), form,” especially “apparition, ghost,” but used in Church Latin for “false god, image of a pagan deity as an object of worship.” This is from Greek eidolon “mental image, apparition, phantom,” also “material image, statue,” in Ecclesiastical Greek,” a pagan idol,” from eidos “form, shape; likeness, resemblance” (see -oid).

A Greek word for “image,” used in Jewish and early Christian writers for “image of a false god,” hence also “false god.” The Germanic languages tended to form a word for it from the reverse direction, from “god” to “false god,” hence “image of a false god” (compare Old English afgod, Danish afgud, Swedish avgud, Old High German abgot, compounds with af-/ab- “away, away from” (source of off) + god).

The older Greek senses sometimes have been used in English. Figurative sense of “something idolized” is first recorded 1560s (in Middle English the figurative sense was “someone who is false or untrustworthy”). Meaning “a person so adored, human object of adoring devotion” is from 1590s.

Semantic Deceit

Examples of semantic deceit:  “the State of New York”

1. the New York State
2. the State of New York
3. The state of new York
4. the New State of York
5. the State of New york
6. he new state of york

We will have not only the New York State and the State of New York (old Federal Reserve version) and the STATE OF NEW YORK (IMF version) and NEW YORK (their latest outrage), but we will have The state of new York, and the State of new York, and the New State of York and the State of New york and the new state of york, and as many permutations of style and spelling and order of words you can imagine —–all of which are created for the sole purpose of semantic deceit, identity theft, and criminal fraud.

“piece of land almost surrounded by water but connected with a mainland by a neck or isthmus,” 1530s, from Latin paeninsula “a peninsula,” literally “almost an island,” from pæne “nearly, almost, practically,” which is of uncertain origin, + insula “island” (see isle). In 16c. sometimes Englished as demie island.

1630s, “to yield, give way,” from French céder or directly from Latin cedere “to yield, give place; to give up some right or property,” originally “to go from, proceed, leave,” from Proto-Italic *kesd-o- “to go away, avoid,” from PIE root *ked- “to go, yield.”

Original sense in English is now archaic; transitive sense “yield or formally surrender (something) to another” is from 1754. The sense evolution in Latin is via the notion of “to go away, withdraw, give ground.” Related: Ceded; ceding.

Latin cedere, with prefixes attached,  is the source of a great many English words: accede, concede, exceed, precede, proceed, recede, secede, etc.

Section 4

The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

When we ruled: Robin Walker

Cultural Unity of Africa: Cheikh Anta Diop

Wonderful Ethiopians and they’re kushite empires: Drusilla Dunjee Houston
Oba T’Shaka: returning to the mother principle

“right of succession of the first-born, descent to the eldest son,” c. 1600, from French primogeniture and directly from Medieval Latin primogenitura, from Late Latin primogenitus “first-born,” from Latin primo (adv.) “first in order of time,” from primus “first” (see prime (adj.)) + genitus, past participle of gignere “to beget” (from PIE root *gene- “give birth, beget”). Earlier in English it meant simply “fact or state of being first-born among children of the same parents” (1590s).

 an extra piece of paper added to a bill of exchange to allow indorsements to be made.Collins Dictionary of Law © W.J. Stewart, 2006

ALLONGE, French law. When a bill of exchange, or other paper, is too small to receive the endorsements which are to be made on it, another piece of paper is added to it, and bears the name of allonge. Pard. n. 343; Story on P. N. Sec. 121, 151; Story on Bills, 204. See Rider.