Author: iamking

c. 1400, “instruction, education,” from Latin eruditionem (nominative eruditio) “an instructing, instruction, learning,” noun of action from past participle stem of erudire “to educate, instruct, polish” (see erudite). Meaning “learning, scholarship” is from 1520s.

mid-15c., “place of residence of a person or family,” from Old French domicile (14c.) and directly from Latin domicilium, perhaps from domus “house” (from PIE root *dem- “house, household”) + colere “to dwell” (see colony). In law, specifically, “that residence from which there is no intention to remove, or a general intention to return” (mid-18c.).

As a verb, “to establish in a fixed residence,” it is attested by 1762 (implied in domiciled). Related: Domiciliary.

“balance due, that which is behind in payment,” early 15c., plural noun from Middle English arrere (adv.) “in or to the rear; in the past; at a disadvantage” (c. 1300), from Anglo-French arrere, Old French ariere “behind, backward” (12c., Modern French arrière), from Vulgar Latin *ad retro, from Latin ad “to” (see ad-) + retro “behind” (see retro-).

It generally implies that part of the money already has been paid. Arrearage (early 14c.) was the earlier noun. Phrase in arrears first recorded 1610s, but in arrearages is from late 14c.

1884, a back-formation from hubristic or else from Greek hybris “wanton violence, insolence, outrage,” originally “presumption toward the gods;” the first element probably PIE *ud- “up, out” (see out (adv.)) but the meaning of the second is debated. Spelling hybris is more classically correct and began to appear in English in translations of Nietzsche c. 1911.

late 15c., from Middle French vigilant or directly from Latin vigilantem (nominative vigilans) “watchful, anxious, careful,” present participle of vigilare “to watch, keep awake, not to sleep, be watchful,” from vigil “watchful, awake” (from PIE root *weg- “to be strong, be lively”). Related: Vigilantly.