Month: June 2020

charge (v.)

early 13c., “to load, put a burden on or in; fill with something to be retained,” from Old French chargier “to load, burden, weigh down,” from Late Latin carricare “to load a wagon or cart,” from Latin carrus “two-wheeled wagon” (see car).

Senses of “entrust,” “command,” and “accuse” all emerged in Middle English and were found in Old French. Sense of “rush in to attack, bear down upon” is from 1560s, perhaps through earlier meaning “load a weapon” (1540s). Meaning “impose a burden of expense” is from mid-14c. That of “to fix or ask as a price” is from 1787; meaning “hold liable for payment, enter a debt against” is by 1889. Meaning “fill with electricity” is from 1748. Related: Charged; charging.

§ 7-104. Negotiable and Nonnegotiable Document of Title.

(a) A document of title is negotiable if by its terms the goods are to be delivered to bearer or to the order of a named person.

(b) A document of title other than one described in subsection (a) is nonnegotiable. A bill of lading that states that the goods are consigned to a named person is not made negotiable by a provision that the goods are to be delivered only against an order in a record signed by the same or another named person.

(c) A document of title is nonnegotiable if, at the time it is issued, the document has a conspicuous legend, however expressed, that it is nonnegotiable.‹ § 7-103. Relation of Article to Treaty or Statute.up§ 7-105. Reissuance in Alternative Medium. ›

https://www.law.cornell.edu/ucc/7/7-104

Minimum contacts

Minimum contacts is a term used in the United Stateslaw of civil procedure to determine when it is appropriate for a court in one state to assert personal jurisdiction over a defendant from another state. The United States Supreme Court has decided a number of cases that have established and refined the principle that it is unfair for a court to assert jurisdiction over a party unless that party’s contacts with the state in which that court sits are such that the party “could reasonably expect to be haled[1] into court” in that state. This jurisdiction must “not offend traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice”.[1] A non-resident defendant may have minimum contacts with the forum state if they 1) have direct contact with the state; 2) have a contract with a resident of the state;[2] 3) have placed their product into the stream of commerce such that it reaches the forum state;[3] 4) seek to serve residents of the forum state;[4] 5) have satisfied the Calder effects test;[5] or 6) have a non-passive website viewed within the forum state.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_contacts