1590s, “act of opening up to view, a making known or revealing;” see disclose + -ure. Formed in English, perhaps on model of closure. Meaning “that which is disclosed or made known” is by 1825.
Month: February 2020
patriarch (n.)
late 12c., from Old French patriarche “one of the Old Testament fathers” (11c.) and directly from Late Latin patriarcha (Tertullian), from Greek patriarkhes “chief or head of a family,” from patria “family, clan,” from pater “father” (see father (n.)) + arkhein “to rule” (see archon). Also used as an honorific title of certain bishops in the early Church, notably those of Antioch, Alexandria, and Rome.
matriarch (n.)
George Young’s Voting Records Office: State Senate (OK) – District 48, Democratic
Oklahoma Key Votes
05/23/2019
Amends Criminal Sentencing Laws
Yes
| Bill No. | HB 1269 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Concurrence Vote – Concurrence Vote Passed – Senate (34 – 11) |
| Date | 05/23/2019 |
05/21/2019
Authorizes State Budget for Fiscal Year 2019-2020
No
| Bill No. | HB 2765 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – Senate (37 – 11) |
| Date | 05/21/2019 |
05/17/2019
Amends the State Cash Bail System
Did Not Vote
| Bill No. | SB 252 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Concurrence Vote – Concurrence Vote Passed – Senate (30 – 12) |
| Date | 05/17/2019 |
04/25/2019
Amends Criminal Sentencing Laws
Yes
| Bill No. | HB 1269 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – Senate (37 – 5) |
| Date | 04/25/2019 |
04/24/2019
Requires Healthcare Providers Report Statutory Rape
No
| Bill No. | HB 2591 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – Senate (35 – 8) |
| Date | 04/24/2019 |
03/11/2019
Establishes State Medical Marijuana Rules and Regulations
No
| Bill No. | HB 2612 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – Senate (43 – 5) |
| Date | 03/11/2019 |
03/06/2019
Prohibits Cities from Banning Plastic Bags
Yes
| Bill No. | SB 1001 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – Senate (35 – 9) |
| Date | 03/06/2019 |
03/06/2019
No
| Bill No. | SB 456 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – Senate (37 – 9) |
| Date | 03/06/2019 |
03/06/2019
Authorizes the Governor to Remove Heads of Certain State Agencies
No
| Bill No. | SB 457 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – Senate (36 – 9) |
| Date | 03/06/2019 |
02/04/2019
Amends Criminal Sentencing Laws
Co-sponsor
| Bill No. | HB 1269 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Introduced – House |
| Date | 02/04/2019 |
05/03/2018
Establishes the Criminal Justice Reclassification Coordination Council
No
| Bill No. | SB 1098 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Conference Report Vote – Conference Report Adopted – House (51 – 31) |
| Date | 05/03/2018 |
05/03/2018
Authorizes Child-Placement Agencies to Deny Services Based on Religion
No
| Bill No. | SB 1140 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (57 – 24) |
| Date | 05/03/2018 |
05/02/2018
Prohibits Individual from Receiving Medicaid Unless Working More than 20 hours a week
Did Not Vote
| Bill No. | HB 2932 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Conference Report Vote – Conference Report Adopted – House (53 – 23) |
| Date | 05/02/2018 |
04/27/2018
No
| Bill No. | SB 1600 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (63 – 31) |
| Date | 04/27/2018 |
04/25/2018
Repeals Wind Industry Tax Credits
No
| Bill No. | SB 888 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (51 – 46) |
| Date | 04/25/2018 |
04/24/2018
Yes
| Bill No. | SB 786 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Conference Report Vote – Conference Report Adopted – House (56 – 33) |
| Date | 04/24/2018 |
04/24/2018
Amends Drug Possession Sentences
Yes
| Bill No. | SB 793 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Concurrence Vote – Concurrence Vote Passed – House (67 – 20) |
| Date | 04/24/2018 |
04/17/2018
NA
| Bill No. | HB 2692 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – Senate (25 – 15) |
| Date | 04/17/2018 |
04/06/2018
NA
| Bill No. | HB 3375 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – Senate (29 – 16) |
| Date | 04/06/2018 |
03/26/2018
Increases Taxes to Provide More Funding for Education
Yes
| Bill No. | HB 1010 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (79 – 19) |
| Date | 03/26/2018 |
03/14/2018
No
| Bill No. | HB 1270 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Concurrence Vote – Concurrence Vote Passed – House (62 – 32) |
| Date | 03/14/2018 |
03/12/2018
Amends Oil and Gas Sales Taxes
No
| Bill No. | HB 2775 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (62 – 25) |
| Date | 03/12/2018 |
03/06/2018
Authorizes “Stand Your Ground” in Defense of Church Members
No
| Bill No. | HB 2632 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (62 – 21) |
| Date | 03/06/2018 |
11/08/2017
Increases Tax Rate on Tobacco, Alcohol, and Fuel Products
Yes
| Bill No. | HB 1054 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Failed – House (71 – 27) |
| Date | 11/08/2017 |
11/01/2017
Increases Tax Rates on Oil and Gas Wells
Did Not Vote
| Bill No. | HB 1085 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (64 – 31) |
| Date | 11/01/2017 |
Oklahoma Key Votes
05/26/2017
Establishes a Fee for Cigarette Purchases
No
| Bill No. | SB 845 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (51 – 43) |
| Date | 05/26/2017 |
05/02/2017
No
| Bill No. | HB 2348 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (51 – 44) |
| Date | 05/02/2017 |
03/21/2017
Prohibits Abortions Based on Genetic Abnormalities
No
| Bill No. | HB 1549 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (67 – 16) |
| Date | 03/21/2017 |
02/16/2017
Yes
| Bill No. | HB 1845 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (78 – 18) |
| Date | 02/16/2017 |
03/10/2016
Expands Punishments for Theft of Domestic Animals
No
| Bill No. | HB 2504 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (71 – 21) |
| Date | 03/10/2016 |
03/10/2016
Amends License and Training Requirements for Gun Possession
No
| Bill No. | HB 3098 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (73 – 15) |
| Date | 03/10/2016 |
03/09/2016
Requires Health Insurance Plans Cover Autism Treatment
Yes
| Bill No. | HB 2962 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (76 – 20) |
| Date | 03/09/2016 |
03/03/2016
Amends Nomination Procedure for Appellate Judges
No
| Bill No. | HB 3162 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (58 – 34) |
| Date | 03/03/2016 |
03/01/2016
Requires Public High Schools to Teach Students about Fetal Development During Pregnancy
No
| Bill No. | HB 2797 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (64 – 12) |
| Date | 03/01/2016 |
02/22/2016
Requires Collection of DNA upon Arrest for a Felony Charge
No
| Bill No. | HB 2275 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Failed – House (38 – 56) |
| Date | 02/22/2016 |
04/28/2015
Establishes the Justice Safety Valve Act
Yes
| Bill No. | HB 1518 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Concurrence Vote – Concurrence Vote Passed – House (55 – 31) |
| Date | 04/28/2015 |
04/15/2015
Yes
| Bill No. | SB 383 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (68 – 21) |
| Date | 04/15/2015 |
04/07/2015
Expands the Oklahoma Quality Jobs Program Act
Did Not Vote
| Bill No. | SB 71 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (51 – 43) |
| Date | 04/07/2015 |
04/02/2015
Encourages School Districts to Report Alleged Criminal Actions of Teachers
No
| Bill No. | SB 711 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage With Amendment – Bill Passed – House (61 – 29) |
| Date | 04/02/2015 |
03/11/2015
Amends Local Municipalities’ Ability to Regulate Oil and Gas Production
No
| Bill No. | HB 2178 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (74 – 23) |
| Date | 03/11/2015 |
02/09/2015
Authorizes Monitoring of Prescription Drugs
Yes
| Bill No. | HB 1948 |
|---|---|
| Outcome | Passage – Bill Passed – House (64 – 30) |
municipal (adj.)
“of or pertaining to the local self-government or corporation of a city or town,” 1540s, from Middle French municipal, from Latin municipalis “pertaining to a citizen of a free town, of a free town,” also “of a petty town, provincial,” from municipium “community, municipality, free town, city whose citizens have the privileges of Roman citizens but are governed by their own laws,” from municeps “native, citizen, inhabitant of a free town.”
The second element is -cipere, combining form of capere “assume, take,” from PIE root *kap- “to grasp.” The first element is from munus (plural munia) “service performed for the community, duty, work,” also “public spectacle paid for by the magistrate, (gladiatorial) entertainment, gift,” from Old Latin moenus “service, duty, burden,” from Proto-Italic *moini-, *moinos- “duty, obligation, task,” from PIE root *mei- (1) “to change, go, move,” with derivatives referring to the exchange of goods and functions or obligations within a society as regulated by custom or law.
As cognates in related senses, de Vaan lists Sanskrit meni- “revenge,” Avestan maeini- “punishment, castigation,” Old Persian yau-maini- “power of revenge,” Middle Welsh tramwy, tremynu “to cross, pass,” Old Irish moin “value, treasure,” Welsh mwyn “value,” Lithuanian mainas “exchange,” Old Church Slavonic mena “exchange, substitution,” Gothic gamains, Old High German gimeins “common.” “A municeps is one who ‘takes an obligation,’ communis ‘who partakes in the duties'” [de Vaan]
municipality (n.)
“town or city having corporate privileges of local self-government,” 1789, from French municipalité, from municipal (see municipal)
Standing (law)
In law, standing or locus standi is the term for the ability of a party to demonstrate to the court sufficient connection to and harm from the law or action challenged to support that party’s participation in the case. Standing exists from one of three causes:
- The party is directly subject to an adverse effect by the statute or action in question, and the harm suffered will continue unless the court grants relief in the form of damages or a finding that the law either does not apply to the party or that the law is void or can be nullified. This is called the “something to lose” doctrine, in which the party has standing because they will be directly harmed by the conditions for which they are asking the court for relief.
- The party is not directly harmed by the conditions by which they are petitioning the court for relief but asks for it because the harm involved has some reasonable relation to their situation, and the continued existence of the harm may affect others who might not be able to ask a court for relief. In the United States, this is the grounds for asking for a law to be struck down as violating the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, because while the plaintiff might not be directly affected, the law might so adversely affect others that one might never know what was not done or created by those who fear they would become subject to the law – the so-called “chilling effects” doctrine.
- The party is granted automatic standing by act of law.[1] Under some environmental laws in the United States, a party may sue someone causing pollution to certain waterways without a federal permit, even if the party suing is not harmed by the pollution being generated. The law allows them to receive attorney’s fees if they substantially prevail in the action. In some U.S. states, a person who believes a book, film or other work of art is obscene may sue in their own name to have the work banned directly without having to ask a District Attorney to do so.
In the United States, the current doctrine is that a person cannot bring a suit challenging the constitutionality of a law unless the plaintiff can demonstrate that he/it is or will “imminently” be harmed by the law. Otherwise, the court will rule that the plaintiff “lacks standing” to bring the suit, and will dismiss the case without considering the merits of the claim of unconstitutionality. To have a court declare a law unconstitutional, there must be a valid reason for the lawsuit. The party suing must have something to lose in order to sue unless it has automatic standing by action of law.
18 U.S. Code § 1091.Genocide
(a)Basic Offense.—Whoever, whether in time of peace or in time of war and with the specific intent to destroy, in whole or in substantial part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group as such—(1)kills members of that group;(2)causes serious bodily injury to members of that group;(3)causes the permanent impairment of the mental faculties of members of the group through drugs, torture, or similar techniques;(4)subjects the group to conditions of life that are intended to cause the physical destruction of the group in whole or in part;(5)imposes measures intended to prevent births within the group; or(6)transfers by force children of the group to another group;shall be punished as provided in subsection (b).(b)Punishment for Basic Offense.—The punishment for an offense under subsection (a) is—(1)in the case of an offense under subsection (a)(1), where death results, by death or imprisonment for life and a fine of not more than $1,000,000, or both; and(2)a fine of not more than $1,000,000 or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both, in any other case.(c)Incitement Offense.—Whoever directly and publicly incites another to violate subsection (a) shall be fined not more than $500,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.(d)Attempt and Conspiracy.—Any person who attempts or conspires to commit an offense under this section shall be punished in the same manner as a person who completes the offense.(e)Jurisdiction.—There is jurisdiction over the offenses described in subsections (a), (c), and (d) if—(1)the offense is committed in whole or in part within the United States; or(2)regardless of where the offense is committed, the alleged offender is—(A)a national of the United States (as that term is defined in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101));(B)an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States (as that term is defined in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101));(C)a stateless person whose habitual residence is in the United States; or(D)present in the United States.(f)Nonapplicability of Certain Limitations.—Notwithstanding section 3282, in the case of an offense under this section, an indictment may be found, or information instituted, at any time without limitation.(Added Pub. L. 100–606, § 2(a), Nov. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 3045; amended Pub. L. 103–322, title VI, § 60003(a)(13), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1970; Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title IV, § 4002(a)(4), (b)(7), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1806, 1808; Pub. L. 110–151, § 2, Dec. 21, 2007, 121 Stat. 1821; Pub. L. 111–122, § 3(a), Dec. 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 3481.)